it's me and 8 midget women.

any good?

Before the marriage of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabelle I of Castile Spain was made up of five separate provinces. This union however in 1469 united the two provinces of Castile and Aragon which created a very strong alliance and fortified Ferdinand's rule over the country. The province of Castile was very financially robust as it was one of the largest producers of wool during the 15th century.
Isabella knew that Castile could earn more funds in this area of farming; this is clearly shown by the increase in the number of sheep that were being used in pastoral farming. Under the guidance of Isabella the province's profitability from the production of wool was further strengthened. During Isabella’s reign, the figure rose from 2.7 million in 1477 to 3.5 million in 1526. This accelerated Spain's emergence in Europe as a financially strong country. Not only did the country make money from the rise in pastoral farming but, most importantly, the government made vast amounts of money from the taxation of wool. This gave the government and the royal crown greater financial stability and ensured they remained a strong force against the 'hidalgo': Spanish noblemen who had troubled the last ruler of Castile; Henry IV. Not only did the export of wool create funds for Castile, it also paved the way for political alliances with Flanders and England. These alliances- as well as the vast sums gained from taxation- demonstrate that Isabella's attempts to increase pastoral farming created greater funds for the monarchy and could therefore be regarded as a success. However this action of increasing pastoral farming also had its negatives. Pastoral farming quickly usurped arable farming as the favoured option for land owners. This created a huge imbalance between the two agricultural methods. There was huge grain shortage in 1502-1508. This led to large scale imports in 1506, an act which many historians believe aided the outbreak of the plague 1507. Not only did these large scale imports aid the start of the plague, it also was to blame for the mass starvation in Castile in 1502 and 1509 and in Aragon in 1484 and 1503. This was all due to Castile’s heavy reliance on wool. However a counter argument to this is that Castile could never have created a balance between pastoral and arable farming due to its poorly irrigated and poorly fertilised land.

very good!!!!

send me the next bit and i'll go to the shop quickly

did i say 8 i mean't 7 1 is filming.

it's called Joe knight and the 7 ho0rs

bed time night

brb JAbronis

Thanks baaders Night sagna




Trade and industry played a major role in any country’s stability, and this was no different for Castile or Aragon. During their reign agents were sent to England and Flanders to encourage the sale of wool and organised large convoys to ship wool to northern Europe. They also regulated trade by reforming the coin. They created three main coins that could be used in all kingdoms, thus creating a more united Spain. Not only did they make it easier to use money throughout the kingdom they also kept the subjects loyal when they guaranteed to honour all pensions annuities. This also established these Catholic monarchs to be sound fiscal managers.
At this time the new world was being conquered. This created a trade boom in Spain as silver and gold was brought back, however Aragon was not allowed to partake in this new trade. This showed that Aragon was the weaker of the two provinces in terms of trade, Castile was dominant. This also shows that although they were united in marriage they were not in their policies as there was not co-ordination inn their trade policies, showing a great weakness in this new unity, showing no real change. Ferdinand and Isabella tried to better Spain’s trade during their reign and on the whole they succeed, proving the accession to be a great significance.
The power struggle between the rulers of the provinces of Spain and their powerful nobility was clear to see before Ferdinand and Isabella came to power. King Henry IV, the king of Castile before Isabella took control, was “totally unable to control his warlike nobility”, as the most important aristocratic families carved out massive domains which gave them considerable political and economic power in relation to the crown. This lack of control is shown throughout the early middle ages when the Reconquest of lost land began. Instead of the leader of the provinces taking power and marching to battle it was the powerful nobility. The warrior class called the hidalgo class took the lead in the Reconquest. Their values of military prowess and conquest became dominant in Castile. This created a major issue for Isabella as the powerful nobility had revolted against Joanna, which in turn led to Isabella taking control, and could easily do it again. She had to weaken the nobility enough to become a stable country.
The Catholic Monarchs set out to restore royal authority and stability in Spain. To accomplish their goal, they first created a group named the Holy Brotherhood. These men were used as a judicial police force for Castile, as well as to attempt to keep Castilian nobles in check. To establish a more uniform judicial system, the Catholic Monarchs created the Royal Council, and appointed magistrates to run the towns and cities. This establishment of royal authority is known as the Pacification of Castile, and can be seen as one of the crucial steps toward the creation of one of Europe's first strong nation-states. Isabella also sought various ways to diminish the influence of the Cortes Generales in Castile, though Ferdinand was too thoroughly Catalan to do anything of the sort with the equivalent systems in the Crown of Aragon. Even after his death and the union of the crowns under one monarch, the Aragonese, Catalan, and Valencian cortes retained significant power in their respective regions. Further, the monarchs continued ruling through a form of medieval contractualism, which made their rule pre-modern in a few ways. One of those is that they traveled from town to town throughout the kingdom in order to promote loyalty, rather than having one central power base. Another is that each community and region was connected to them via loyalty to the crown, rather than bureaucratic ties. So although Isabella reformed the crown authority vastly she and Ferdinand still failed to unite Spain fully.
Ferdinand and Isabella were noted for being the monarchs of the newly-united Spain at the dawn of the modern era. The Kings had a goal of completing the Christian reconquest northern Africa and to conquer the Muslim kingdom of Granada. The beginnings of a series of campaigns known as the Granada War began with the attack of Alhama de Granada. The attack was led by two Andalusian nobles Rodrigo Ponce de León and Diego de Merlo. The city fell to Andalusian forces in 1482. The Granada War was aided by Pope Sixtus IV by granting a tithe and implementing a crusade tax to invest in the war. After 10 years of many battles the Granada War ended in 1492 when the Emir Boabdil surrendered the keys of the Alhambra Palace in Granada to the Castilian soldiers. This was the end of the “Reconquest” thus proving The Catholic Monarchs to have been of great significance to Spanish history.
Religious policies played a major role during the reigns of Isabella and Ferdinand; they changed their previous policies drastically. Both Isabella and Ferdinand were very strong Catholics, as they were given the name of The Catholic Monarchs. Their plan was to abolish all other religions, most notably the Muslim and Jewish communities. They ordered the expulsion from Spain of all Moors and Jews Conversion to Catholicism was a way of avoiding expulsion, but between 1480 and 1492 hundreds of those who had converted were accused of secretly practicing their original religion and arrested, imprisoned, interrogated under torture, and in many cases burned to death, in both Castile and Aragon. The Inquisition had been created in the twelfth century by Pope Lucius III to fight heresy in the south of what is now France. The Catholic Monarchs decided to introduce the Inquisition to Castile, and requested the Pope's assent. On 1 November 1478 Pope Sixtus IV published the Papal bull, Exigit Sinceras Devotionis Affectus, through which the Inquisition was established in the Kingdom of Castile; it was later extended to all of Spain. The bull gave the monarchs exclusive authority to name the inquisitors.
During the reign of the Catholic Monarchs and long afterwards the Inquisition was active in persecuting people for offences such as crypto-Judaism, heresy, Protestantism, blasphemy, and bigamy. The last trial for crypto-Judaism was held in 1818.

sagna !

Night Sagna

just going to the shop....be 5-10..

buy me a yorkie please baadman

buy me one also please

But it's not for girls

lol

Is it wrong that I prefer the raisin and biscuit yorkie to the normal one

yes. Bumder

So, what have I missed?

I'm a bumder